[A clustered epidemic investigation of non-marital non-commercial heterosexual contact of HIV in Zhejiang Province].

Objective: To identify the transmission relationship between HIV infection cases the non-marital non-commercial heterosexual contact in Zhejiang Province. Methods: When HIV positive was informed during January 2020 to January 2022, the staff conducted an epidemiological investigation to collect cases information on sociodemographic characteristics, mobility information, past HIV testing history, high-risk sexual behaviors, sexual partners, and etcetera. At the same time, 6-8 ml of blood from the new diagnosis of people infected with HIV before antiviral treatment was collected to separate the bleeding plasma. pol gene was amplified by nucleic acid extraction and PCR, sequenced by Sequencer 5.0 software, and Cytoscape 3.6.0 software was used to draw HIV molecular transmission network. Results: From January 2020 to January 2022, 88 HIV infected individuals were found in Pujiang County, of which 74 were transmitted through heterosexual transmission, of which 31 were infected through non-marital non-commercial heterosexual contact. Preliminary case studies have found that three female cases have engaged in unprotected non-marital non-commercial heterosexual contact with one male case. Among the 4 infected individuals, 2 of their spouses tested positive for HIV antibodies. Molecular transmission network monitoring was carried out on 65 newly diagnosed cases of heterosexual transmission with acquired sequences, forming 9 transmission clusters. The largest cluster contained 10 cases. A total of 11 HIV-infected individuals were involved in this HIV cluster epidemic. They were 3 males and 8 females, all over 50 years old and were farmers or rural housewives. They were traced to 7 sexual partners (6 negatives of HIV, 1 undetected). Among the 18 respondents' sexual social network relationships, there were 6 couples, 8 permanent partners, and 3 temporary partners. Among 11 HIV infected individuals, there were 9 cases of non-marital non-commercial heterosexual transmission and 2 cases of intramarital transmission. The epidemiological association between 7 non-married non-commercial heterosexual partners and case 2 (56-year-old male farmer), 3 cases confirmed by epidemiological investigation and molecular transmission cluster results, 3 cases confirmed by molecular transmission cluster and epidemiological investigation results, and 1 case confirmed by epidemiological investigation results. Conclusions: The transmission mode of this cluster epidemic was to spread HIV through heterosexual sex with a male case as the core, then cause the transmission within marriage and between fixed sexual partners. The combination of epidemiological investigation and molecular transmission network traceability survey supports the conclusion of this study.

[Analysis of characteristics of drug resistance gene mutation in HBV RT region of hepatitis B infected patients].

Objective: This article investigated the clinical characteristics and distribution of drug resistance mutation sites in HBV RT region of hepatitis B infected patients. Methods: Retrospective analysis was made on 1 948 patients with HBV infection, who had been tested for NAs resistance mutation and had a medical history of NAs in the Laboratory Department of the Fifth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021. Basic clinical information and drug resistance related mutation information were recorded. Meanwhile, the serological index data of hepatitis B were collected. Drug resistance gene mutant group and non-mutated group were grouped according to whether the drug resistance genes had a mutation in HBV RT region, and the clinical characteristics and genotype distribution of the two groups were statistically analyzed. The pattern of drug resistance gene mutation, number of mutation sites, drug resistance type and mutation of NAs resistance-related sites were analyzed in 917 patients with drug resistance gene mutation in HBV RT region. χ2 Inspection was used for counting data. Meanwhile, two independent samples t-test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for measurement data. Results: Among the 1 948 patients with chronic HBV infection, 917 patients had drug resistance gene mutation in RT region (47.07%). The proportion of patients with acute hepatitis B and CHB in HBV RT resistance gene mutant group was lower than that in the non-mutated group, while the proportion of patients with HBV-related cirrhosis was higher than that in the non-mutated group, these differences were statistically significant. Compared with the non-mutated group in HBV RT region, the age, the positive rates of HBeAg and HBV DNA, and HBV DNA load of these patients were increased in drug resistance gene mutant group, these differences were statistically significant. Genotypes of patients in both groups were dominated by C, followed by B and D. The proportion of patients with genotype C in HBV RT drug resistance gene mutant group was higher than that of non-mutated group, the difference was statistically significant. There were 53 gene mutation patterns in 917 patients with drug resistance gene mutation in HBV RT region, and the main pattern was rtL180M+rtM204V+rtS202G (9.70%). The mutation sites were dominated by 3 (20.74%). There were 5 types of drug resistance, LAM+Ldt (21.25%) was the most. Among the 18 sites that were clearly associated with LAM, ADV, ETV and Ldt resistance in the HBV RT region, 14 sites were mutated, and the most common mutation sites were rtL180M, rtM204V, rtM204 and rtS202G. what's more, the proportion of patients with NAs drug resistance was LAM>Ldt>ETV>ADV. Conclusion: In order to prevent adverse consequences of this study such as disease recurrence or disease progression caused by HBV drug resistance, HBV infected patients, who have long-term use of NAs antiviral therapy, should monitor the level of HBV DNA and drug resistance genes in HBV RT region in order to optimize the treatment plan in time or guide individualized treatment.

[Tumor cell-based glycolytic metabolism and single-cell sequencing of urinary exfoliated cells for the diagnosis and molecular profiling of urothelial carcinoma].

Objective: To explore the diagnostic values of HK2 testing and single-cell sequencing in the urothelial carcinoma (UC). Methods: The qualified urine specimens of 265 suspected UC patients or postoperative patients from the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China were collected. Both exfoliative cytology and HK2 testing were performed on clinically suspected UC or postoperative patients. The performance of diagnostic cytology and HK2, including consistency, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, was evaluated based on histopathological, clinical and imaging diagnosis. Isolated HK2 metabolically abnormal cells were subject to single-cell sequencing to verify the reliability of HK2 detection performance and to explore the molecular characteristics of UC. Results: The concordance rate of HK2 testing and cytology for detecting UC was 90.3% (102/113, Kappa=0.604). Compared with cytology, the sensitivity of HK2 was significantly higher (85.2% versus 75.6%, P=0.024). The detection sensitivity of combined HK2 testing and cytology was increased to 91.1%. HK2 testing was significantly more sensitive than cytology for diagnosing UC in the upper urinary tract (81.8% versus 65.5%, P=0.022). It was also more sensitive than cytology for diagnosing early-stage UC (82.6% versus 69.5%, P=0.375) and low-grade UC (69.6% versus 47.8%, P=0.125). Single-cell sequencing of the ten patients, whose samples were positive for HK2, demonstrated highly concordant copy number variations (CNVs) in tumor cells from the same UC patient, with heterogeneity in CNV profiles among different patients. Deletion of chromosome 8p was found in 3 of the 4 urine samples of renal pelvis UC. The 2 patients with benign lesions had no CNVs in all sequenced cells. Conclusions: The test for abnormal urinary glycolytic HK2 metabolism can assist urine cytology to improve the sensitivity of UC diagnosis, and it provides a novel and reliable approach for early detection of upper urinary tract UC and lower grade UC. Meanwhile, this study has preliminarily revealed the feasibility of single-cell sequencing in urinary samples, which is expected to improve the diagnostic specificity of HK2 testing.

Increased Expression of Efflux Pump norA Drives the Rapid Evolutionary Trajectory from Tolerance to Resistance against Ciprofloxacin in Staphylococcus aureus.

The intensively intermittent use of antibiotics promotes the rapid evolution of tolerance, which may lead to resistance acquisition in the following evolutionary trajectory. In addition to directly exporting antibiotics as an instant resistance strategy, efflux pumps are overexpressed in tolerant strains. To investigate how efflux pumps participate in resistance development from tolerance to resistance, we performed in vitro evolutional experiments against the antibiotic ciprofloxacin in norA efflux pump mutants of Staphylococcus aureus. These experiments demonstrated that overexpression of norA rapidly facilitated the development of ciprofloxacin resistance from tolerance to resistance through elevated spontaneous mutations. The generated resistance mutations were further fixed in the population by increasing survival ability. The observed Ser80Phe and Glu84Lys mutations in the topoisomerase IV ParC (GrlA in S. aureus) may be responsible for tolerant strains to develop resistance to ciprofloxacin since it has been reported that such mutations disrupt the water-metal ion bridge between quinolones and ParC. MepA and Sav1866 are related to the same antibiotic (ciprofloxacin) susceptibility as NorA, and they also contributed to resistance development against ciprofloxacin. MgrA positively regulated NorA expression and the development of ciprofloxacin resistance. Importantly, blocking the evolutionary pathway by coadministering ciprofloxacin with the efflux pump inhibitor reserpine effectively delayed the resistance acquisition in an in vitro experiment. This study illustrated the role of efflux pumps in the evolutionary trajectory from tolerance to resistance. The delayed resistance development caused by the efflux pump inhibitor illuminates a possible strategy for postponing the resistance acquisition from tolerance to resistance by disrupting efflux pumps.

Dirac-cone-like electronic states on nematic antiferromagnetic FeSe and FeTe.

We investigate the Dirac-cone-like (DCL) topological electronic properties of nematic-like antiferromagnetic (AFM) states of monolayer FeSe and FeTe designed artificially through first-principles calculations and Wannier-function-based tight-binding (WFTB) method. Our calculations reveal most of them have a pair of DCL bands on the Γ-Xline in the Brillouin zone (BZ) near the Fermi level and open a gap of about 20 meV in the absence and presence of spin-orbit coupling (SOC), respectively, similar to the lowest-energy pair-checkerboard AFM FeSe. We further confirm that they are weak topological insulators based on nonzeroZ2and fragile surface states, which are calculated by the WFTB method. For FeSe and FeTe in pair-checkerboard AFM states, we find that the in-plane compression strain in a certain range can give rise to another pair of DCL bands located on the Γ-X' line in the BZ. In addition, the magnetic moments, energies, and Fe-Se/Te distances for various nematic-like AFM configurations are presented. These calculations the combining effect of magnetism and topology in a single material and the understanding of the superconducting phenomena in iron-based FeSe and FeTe.

Magnetic field effect on topological properties of Dirac semimetals PdTe2/PtTe2/PtSe2.

We investigated magnetic field effect on the topological properties of transition metal dichalcogenide Dirac semimetals (DSMs) PdTe2/PtTe2/PtSe2based on Wannier-function-based tight-binding (WFTB) model obtained from first-principles calculations. The DSMs PdTe2/PtTe2/PtSe2undergo a transition from DSMs into Weyl semimetals with four pairs of Weyl points (WPs) in the entire Brillouin zone by splitting Dirac points under external magnetic fieldB. The positions and energies of WPs vary linearly with the strength of theBfield under thec-axis magnetic fieldB. Under thea- andb-axisBfield, however, the positions of magnetic-field-inducing WPs deviate slightly from thecaxis, and theirkzcoordinates and energies change in a parabolic-like curve with the increasingBfield. However, the system opens an axial gap on theA-Γ axis, and the gap changes with the direction of theBfield when the out ofc-axisBfield is applied. When we further apply the magnetic field in theac,bc, andabplanes, the results are more diverse compared to the axial magnetic field. Under theacandbcplaneBfield, thekzand energies of WPs within angleθ= [0°, 90°] andθ= [90°, 180°] are mirror symmetrically distributed. The distribution of WPs shows broken rotational symmetry under theabplaneBfield due to the difference of non-diagonal part of Hamiltonian. Our theoretical findings can provide a useful guideline for the applications of DSM materials under external magnetic field in the future topological electronic devices.

New and Interesting Fungi. 4.

An order, family and genus are validated, seven new genera, 35 new species, two new combinations, two epitypes, two lectotypes, and 17 interesting new host and / or geographical records are introduced in this study. Validated order, family and genus: Superstratomycetales and Superstratomycetaceae (based on Superstratomyces ). New genera: Haudseptoria (based on Haudseptoria typhae); Hogelandia (based on Hogelandia lambearum); Neoscirrhia (based on Neoscirrhia osmundae); Nothoanungitopsis (based on Nothoanungitopsis urophyllae); Nothomicrosphaeropsis (based on Nothomicrosphaeropsis welwitschiae); Populomyces (based on Populomyces zwinianus); Pseudoacrospermum (based on Pseudoacrospermum goniomae). New species: Apiospora sasae on dead culms of Sasa veitchii (Netherlands); Apiospora stipae on dead culms of Stipa gigantea (Spain); Bagadiella eucalyptorum on leaves of Eucalyptus sp. (Australia); Calonectria singaporensis from submerged leaf litter (Singapore); Castanediella neomalaysiana on leaves of Eucalyptus sp. (Malaysia); Colletotrichum pleopeltidis on leaves of Pleopeltis sp. (South Africa); Coniochaeta deborreae from soil (Netherlands); Diaporthe durionigena on branches of Durio zibethinus (Vietnam); Floricola juncicola on dead culm of Juncus sp. (France); Haudseptoria typhae on leaf sheath of Typha sp. (Germany); Hogelandia lambearum from soil (Netherlands); Lomentospora valparaisensis from soil (Chile); Neofusicoccum mystacidii on dead stems of Mystacidium capense (South Africa); Neomycosphaerella guibourtiae on leaves of Guibourtia sp. (Angola); Niesslia neoexosporioides on dead leaves of Carex paniculata (Germany); Nothoanungitopsis urophyllae on seed capsules of Eucalyptus urophylla (South Africa); Nothomicrosphaeropsis welwitschiae on dead leaves of Welwitschia mirabilis (Namibia); Paracremonium bendijkiorum from soil (Netherlands); Paraphoma ledniceana on dead wood of Buxus sempervirens (Czech Republic); Paraphoma salicis on leaves of Salix cf. alba (Ukraine); Parasarocladium wereldwijsianum from soil (Netherlands); Peziza ligni on masonry and plastering (France); Phyllosticta phoenicis on leaves of Phoenix reclinata (South Africa); Plectosphaerella slobbergiarum from soil (Netherlands); Populomyces zwinianus from soil (Netherlands); Pseudoacrospermum goniomae on leaves of Gonioma kamassi (South Africa); Pseudopyricularia festucae on leaves of Festuca californica (USA); Sarocladium sasijaorum from soil (Netherlands); Sporothrix hypoxyli in sporocarp of Hypoxylon petriniae on Fraxinus wood (Netherlands); Superstratomyces albomucosus on Pycnanthus angolensis (Netherlands); Superstratomyces atroviridis on Pinus sylvestris (Netherlands); Superstratomyces flavomucosus on leaf of Hakea multilinearis (Australia); Superstratomyces tardicrescens from human eye specimen (USA); Taeniolella platani on twig of Platanus hispanica (Germany), and Tympanis pini on twigs of Pinus sylvestris (Spain). Citation: Crous PW, Hernández-Restrepo M, Schumacher RK, Cowan DA, Maggs-Kölling G, Marais E, Wingfield MJ, Yilmaz N, Adan OCG, Akulov A, Álvarez Duarte E, Berraf-Tebbal A, Bulgakov TS, Carnegie AJ, de Beer ZW, Decock C, Dijksterhuis J, Duong TA, Eichmeier A, Hien LT, Houbraken JAMP, Khanh TN, Liem NV, Lombard L, Lutzoni FM, Miadlikowska JM, Nel WJ, Pascoe IG, Roets F, Roux J, Samson RA, Shen M, Spetik M, Thangavel R, Thanh HM, Thao LD, van Nieuwenhuijzen EJ, Zhang JQ, Zhang Y, Zhao LL, Groenewald JZ (2021). New and Interesting Fungi. 4. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 7: 255-343. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.13.

Comparison of clinical diagnostic value of spiral CT with different dose in patients with early-stage peripheral lung cancer

Purpose To compare the clinical diagnostic value of spiral CT scan with different dose in patients with early-stage peripheral lung cancer. Methods A total of 163 cases of patients with early-stage peripheral lung cancer who came to People’s Hospital of Rizhao for treatment from June 2014 to January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 78 cases of patients who received low-dose CT scanning were the low-dose group, another 84 cases of patients who received routine dose CT scanning were the routine dose group. Multislice helical CT (MSCT) scanning was performed in both groups, with tube voltage of 120 kV. Tube current was 25 m A in the low-dose group and 250 m A in the routine dose group. In addition, a total of 80 patients with lobar pneumonia were added as the control group of diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Pathological diagnosis was taken as the gold standard to compare the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the two groups. Results The image quality, nodules and signs of the two groups were compared, and the results of radiation dose of the two groups were compared. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the low-dose group were 82.05%, 87.50% and 84.81%, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the routine dose group were 85.71%, 86.25% and 85.97%, respectively. The diagnostic value of the two groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). However, the radiation dose in the low-dose group was significantly lower than that in the routine group. Conclusion Low-dose MSCT scanning can meet the clinical requirements for imaging diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer, and can reduce the radiation dose of patients (AU)

[The expression and clinical significance of serum soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia].

To investigate the clinical significance of serum soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). A total of 44 CAP patients, 54 severe CAP patients and 30 healthy volunteers were recruited in this study. Serum soluble PD-L1 were detected. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to assess the influence of multiple clinical variables on prognosis. Serum soluble PD-L1 level in severe CAP group was 98.20(57.94, 128.90) ng/L, which was significantly higher than that in the CAP group [59.32(33.55, 92.58) ng/L] and healthy controls [20.44(12.15, 36.20) ng/L] (all P<0.001). PD-L1 level was positively correlated with CRUB-65(r=0.481, P<0.001) and the pneumonia severity index (PSI) score (r=0.442, P<0.001). Univariate regression analysis showed that CURB-65 (HR=2.544, 95%CI 1.324-4.889, P=0.005), PSI score (HR=1.036, 95%CI 1.012-1.061, P=0.004), soluble PD-L1(HR=1.013, 95%CI 1.001-1.026, P=0.041) were risk factors of mortality during hospitalization. Multivariate regression analysis suggested that PSI score (HR=1.042, 95%CI 1.012-1.073, P=0.005), soluble PD-L1 (HR=1.011, 95%CI 1.002-1.071, P=0.020) were independent predictors for mortality risk in CAP patients. CAP patients with soluble PD-L1≥98.20 ng/L had a significantly lower survival rate than those with soluble PD-L1<98.20 ng/L (P=0.033). In conclusion, this study indicates that serum soluble PD-L1 level in CAP patients is correlated with the survival prognosis.

Clinical study and observation on the effect of hemoperfusion therapy treatment on central nervous system injury in patients with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid poisoning.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the curative effect of hemoperfusion therapy on central nervous system injury in patients with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid poisoning. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 60 patients with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid poisoning were enrolled in this study. They were admitted to the Emergency Department of Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital from 2015 to 2018 and were randomly divided into two groups by random number table method. One group was control group (routine treatment group), and the other group was the treatment group (hemoperfusion therapy was added on the basis of routine treatment). Glasgow coma score (GCS), APACHE II score, and MMSE score were used to evaluate the effects before treatment and 7 days after treatment. The results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: After treatment, GCS in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group, while APACHE II score was lower than that in the control group, and MMSE score was significantly higher than that in the control group, with statistically significant difference (p<0.05). The effective rate in the control group was only 26.67%, and that in the treatment group was 86.67%, with statistically significant difference (c2=19.62, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Hemoperfusion therapy can promote the recovery of central nervous system in patients with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid poisoning, reduce the injury of other organs, and significantly reduce the mortality of patients.

Comparison of clinical diagnostic value of spiral CT with different dose in patients with early-stage peripheral lung cancer.

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical diagnostic value of spiral CT scan with different dose in patients with early-stage peripheral lung cancer. METHODS: A total of 163 cases of patients with early-stage peripheral lung cancer who came to People's Hospital of Rizhao for treatment from June 2014 to January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 78 cases of patients who received low-dose CT scanning were the low-dose group, another 84 cases of patients who received routine dose CT scanning were the routine dose group. Multislice helical CT (MSCT) scanning was performed in both groups, with tube voltage of 120 kV. Tube current was 25 m A in the low-dose group and 250 m A in the routine dose group. In addition, a total of 80 patients with lobar pneumonia were added as the control group of diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Pathological diagnosis was taken as the gold standard to compare the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the two groups. RESULTS: The image quality, nodules and signs of the two groups were compared, and the results of radiation dose of the two groups were compared. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the low-dose group were 82.05%, 87.50% and 84.81%, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the routine dose group were 85.71%, 86.25% and 85.97%, respectively. The diagnostic value of the two groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). However, the radiation dose in the low-dose group was significantly lower than that in the routine group. CONCLUSION: Low-dose MSCT scanning can meet the clinical requirements for imaging diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer, and can reduce the radiation dose of patients.

[Neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced gastric cancer].

Gastric cancer is the second most common and the second leading cause of cancer related mortality in China, which seriously endanger the lives and health of Chinese people. Due to the lack of typical symptoms and screening system of early gastric cancer, about 70% patients with gastric cancer are diagnosed as locally advanced disease in China. Radical resection is the main approach for locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC), however, the clinical effect of gastrectomy alone or gastrectomy plus adjuvant treatment is limited. As a result, there has been increasing interest in the neoadjuvant treatment, which could potentially downstage tumor, eliminate tumor micrometastasis, reduce intraoperative dissemination and postoperative recurrence, thus improve the prognosis of patients with LAGC. The exploration and application of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy of neoadjuvant treatment in LAGC have made continuous progress in recent years. To date, neoadjuvant therapy has been developed as a part of multimodality treatment for patients with LAGC.

[Deleted in lymphocytic leukemia 1 promoted proliferation and apoptosis of nephroblastoma cells through regulating miR-513a-5p and RANBP2 pathway].

Objective: To study the regulatory effects and mechanisms of deleted in lymphocytic leukemia 1 (DLEU1), microRNA-513a-5p (miR-513a-5p), and RAN binding protein 2 (RANBP2) in nephroblastoma. Methods: The GHINK-1 cells were transfected with pcDNA (pcDNA group), pcDNA-DLEU1 (pcDNA-DLEU1 group), miR-NC (miR-NC group), miR-513a-5p mimics (miR-513a-5p group), pcDNA-RANBP2 (pcDNA-RANBP2 group), pcDNA-DLEU1 and miR-NC (pcDNA-DLEU1+ miR-NC group), pcDNA-DLEU1 and miR-513a-5p mimics (pcDNA-DLEU1+ miR-513a-5p group), miR-513a-5p mimics and pcDNA (miR-513a-5p+ pcDNA group), miR-513a-5p mimics and pcDNA-RANBP2 (miR-513a-5p + pcDNA-RANBP2 group). Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expressions of DLEU1, miR-513a-5p, RANBP2 in nephroblastoma tissues, normal adjacent tissues, normal kidney cell HK2, and hemangioblastoma cell GHINK-1. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 related X (Bax). Cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) was used to detect the cell survival rate. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate. Dual luciferase report test was used to detect the luciferase activity of cells. Results: The expression levels of DLEU1, miR-513a-5p and RANBP2 in adjacent tissues were 1.02±0.08, 1.01±0.06, 1.00±0.05, respectively, significantly lower than 5.16±0.24, 0.23±0.02, 1.67±0.09 in nephroblasts tumor tissues (P<0.05). Their expression levels in HK2 cells were 1.00±0.06, 1.00±0.08, 1.02±0.09, respectively, significantly lower than 3.15±0.21, 0.18±0.01, 1.54±0.10 in GHINK-1 cells (P<0.05). Overexpression of DLEU1 significantly reduced the apoptosis rate (7.35±0.41 vs 12.35±1.12, P<0.05). Overexpression of RANBP2 significantly reduced the apoptosis rate (8.89±0.48 vs 12.64±1.12, P<0.05). Compared with the miR-NC group (1.01±0.06, 0.99±0.06), the luciferase activity of DLEU1-WT (0.43±0.04) and RANBP2-WT (0.61±0.07) in miR-513a-5p group were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Compared with anti-miR-NC group (0.99±0.07, 0.98±0.05), the luciferase activity of DLEU1-WT (1.34±0.11) and RANBP2-WT (1.39 ±0.13) in anti-miR-513a-5p group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Simultaneous overexpression of pcDNA-DLEU1 and miR-513a-5p in GHINK-1 cells significantly reduced the apoptosis rate (11.34±1.03 vs 8.51±0.69, P<0.05). Simultaneous overexpression of miR-513a-5p and RANBP2 in GHINK-1 cells significantly reduced the apoptosis rate (9.96±0.72 vs 15.94±1.00, P<0.05). Conclusions: The long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) DLEU1 can promote the proliferation and inhibit the apoptosis of nephroblastoma cells. The mechanism is related to the targeted regulation of miR-513a-5p and RANBP2 function, which will provide theoretical support for the nephroblastoma treatment.

Venturiales.

Members of Venturiales (Dothideomycetes) are widely distributed, and comprise saprobes, as well as plant, human and animal pathogens. In spite of their economic importance, the general lack of cultures and DNA data has resulted in taxa being poorly resolved. In the present study five loci, ITS, LSU rDNA, tef1, tub2 and rpb2 are used for analysing 115 venturialean taxa representing 30 genera in three families in the current classification of Venturiales. Based on the multigene phylogenetic analysis, morphological and ecological characteristics, one new family, Cylindrosympodiaceae, and eight new genera are described, namely Bellamyces, Fagicola, Fraxinicola, Fuscohilum, Neofusicladium, Parafusicladium, Pinaceicola and Sterila. In addition, 12 species are described as new to science, and 41 new combinations are proposed. The taxonomic status of 153 species have been re-evaluated with 20 species excluded from Venturiales. Based on this revision of Venturiales, morphological characteristics such as conidial arrangement (solitary or in chains) or conidiogenesis (blastic-solitary, sympodial or annellidic), proved to be significant at generic level. Venturia as currently defined represents a generic complex. Furthermore, plant pathogens appear more terminal in phylogenetic analyses within Venturiaceae and Sympoventuriaceae, suggesting that the ancestral state of Venturiales is most likely saprobic.

[Investigation of mental workload and related factors among nurses from tertiary hospitals in Shandong].

Objective: To investigate mental workload among nurses from tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province, and analyze various factors related to mental workload. Methods: From May to July 2019, a cluster sampling method was used to select 8255 nurses from 20 third class a general hospitals in 16 cities of Shandong Province as the research objects, and 8159 valid questionnaires were collected. The general information and psychological load of nurses were investigated by general information questionnaire and task load index scale. The measurement data were expressed in percentage (%) ; the nurses' psychological load scores were in accordance with normal distribution, and the differences between groups were compared by t-test or ANOVA; the related influencing factors of nurses' psychological load were analyzed by multiple stepwise regression analysis. Results: The average scores of mental workload among nurses was 77.83 (SD=12.88) . Time demands and physical demands were the two highest rated dimensions of mental workload. the average scores were 90.77 (SD=12.47) and 79.92 (SD=15.23) . Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that Satisfaction with income, monthly average night shift and professional titles were the significant predictors of mental workload (R(2)=0.08) . Conclusion: Nurses with higher psychological load, lower income satisfaction, higher number of night shifts per month and lower title have higher psychological load.

[Investigation and analysis of occupational exposure factors in an enterprise processing waste electronic products].

Objective: To identify and to analyze occupational exposure factors generating from production process in an enterprise processing waste electronic products, to provide scientific evidences for protection measures. Methods: From June to October 2017, seven waste electrical and electronic product processing enterprises in a province were selected as the research objects. These seven enterprises all include refrigerator dismantling line, washing machine dismantling line, air conditioning dismantling line, TV/computer dismantling line, CRT cutting line. Some enterprises also have circuit board line, wet precious metal recycling line, plastic crushing line, plastic granulating line and other deep processing operations such as precious metal recycling of waste circuit board, waste plastic crushing and recycling. The data were collected by the methods of occupational health field investigation and occupational health testing, and the exposure level of occupational hazard factors was evaluated by combining the effect of the protective facilities of occupational health engineering. Results: the main occupational hazard factors of waste electrical and electronic products treatment enterprises were dust, noise, heavy metal, flame retardant, mercury, fluoride, cyanide, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid. 145 effective samples were obtained from heavy metal sampling, including 102 individual samples and 43 fixed-point long-term samples. Among them, 8 samples lead exceeded the standard, all occurred in the TV dismantling line. In addition to flame retardants, plasticizers, insecticides and other components can be detected by high-throughput qualitative analysis using liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Finally, 123 effective 8-h equivalent sound level values were obtained by individual noise detection, 86 of which exceeded the standard, with a rate of 69.9%. Conclusion: there are potential occupational hazards in the process of dismantling waste electrical and electronic products.

[Analysis on drug sensitivity spectrum of 167 multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in China].

Objective: To investigate the drugs-sensitivity spectrum of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in China and provide a scientific evidence for the drug selection in clinical therapy and the control of MDR-TB. Methods: A total of 167 strains of MDR-TB were included in this study. Every strain was genotyped by lysX gene sequencing and their sensitivity to 13 different anti-TB drugs was tested by using MicroDST(TM) and BACTEC(TM) MGIT 960(TM) liquid-culturing method. The association between drug resistance and genotypes as well as cross drug resistance was also analyzed. The results were analyzed by means of the comparison of enumeration data between two groups with χ(2) test. Results: The overall resistance rate of 167 MDR-TB strains to 11 anti-TB drugs, except isoniazide and rifampicin, was 95.81%, the rates of pre-extensive drug-resistance (pre-XDR) and extensive drug-resistance were 31.14%(52/167) and 6.59% (11/167), respectively. The streptomycin resistance rate of Beijing genotypes was significantly higher than that of the non-Beijing genotypes ( χ(2)=30.682, P<0.05), while the pre-XDR proportion in Beijing genotypes was lower than that in non-Beijing genotypes (χ(2)=5.332, P<0.05). The resistance rates of Ofloxacin and Pyrazinamide in the modern Beijing genotype were significantly higher than those in classical ones (χ(2)=4.105 and χ(2)=3.912, P<0.05). In addition, the cross-resistance rate to rifampicin and rifabutin was 86.23%. A significant difference in drug-resistance rate to rifabutin was seen among groups with different levels of rifampicin resistance (χ(2)=45.912, P<0.05). There was positive correlation not only between ofloxac resistance and moxifloxac resistance, but also between amikacin resistance and kanamycin resistance, with the coefficient of 0.87 and 0.91, respectively. Conclusions: In this study, we observed that there were high incidences of the resistance to 11 anti-TB drugs in 167 clinical MDR-TB strains and the cross resistance phenomena between drugs of the same type were quite serious. The majority of MDR-TB strains belonged to Beijing genotype, which was highly associated with streptomycin resistance.

[Implementation of the Bethesda system for reporting the thyroid cytopathology: study on 5 729 cases from a cancer center].

Objective: To analyze the data of the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology applied in a comprehensive cancer center and to evaluate the diagnostic ability of fine needle aspiration (FNA). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 5 729 cases applying this reporting system at Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. The series were from 5 011 patients including 1 174 men and 3 837 women, and their median age was 45 years (range, 7-88 years). FNA results were correlated with final histological diagnosis after surgery and the accuracy of FNA diagnosis and the malignancy rates for each of categories were also analyzed. Results: Among 5 729 thyroid aspirates, aside from 456 (8.0%) cases with nondiagnostic or unsatisfactory (ND/UNS) outcomes, 1 055 (18.4%) cases were benign, 409 (7.1%) cases showed atypical of undetermined significance or follicular lesions with undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS), 80 (1.4%) cases were follicular neoplasm or suspicious for follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN), 982 (17.1%) cases were suspicious for malignancy (SUS), and 2 747 cases were malignant (47.9%). Of 5 729 cases, 3 239 had received thyroidectomies after FNA, 95.99% of them were proven histologically to be malignant, with following malignancy rates in individual FNA categories: ND/UNS 75.00%; benign 40.91%; AUS/FLUS 77.67%; FN/SFN 41.67%; SUS 96.86%; and malignant 99.96%. FNA predicted malignancy with sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive values of 98.8%, 60.5%, 97.7%, 98.9% and 59.1%, respectively. Conclusions: The data of the Bethesda reporting system indicates high proportion of malignant diagnosis and high risk of malignancy at all FNA diagnostic categories. FNA offers high diagnostic accuracy and positive predictive value for the diagnosis of thyroid diseases.

MicroRNA-124 regulates lactate transportation in the muscle of largemouth bass (micropterus salmoides) under hypoxia by targeting MCT1.

Carbohydrate metabolism switches from aerobic to anaerobic (glycolysis) to supply energy in response to acute hypoxic stress. Acute hypoxic stress with dissolved oxygen (DO) levels of 1.2 ±â€¯0.1 mg/L for 24 h and 12 h re-oxygenation was used to investigate the response of the anaerobic glycolytic pathway in Micropterus salmoides muscle. The results showed that the glucose concentration was significantly lower in muscle, while the lactic acid and pyruvic acid concentrations tended to increase during hypoxic stress. No significant difference was observed in muscle glycogen, and ATP content fluctuated significantly. The activities of gluconeogenesis-related enzymes were slightly elevated, such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). The activities of the glycolytic enzymes increased after the induction of hypoxia, such as hexokinase (HK), pyruvate kinase (PK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Curiously, phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity was significantly down-regulated within 4 h during hypoxia, although these effects were transient, and most indices returned to control levels after 12 h of re-oxygenation. Upregulated hif-1α, ampkα, hk, glut1, and ldh mRNA expression suggested that carbohydrate metabolism was reprogrammed under hypoxia. Lactate transport was regulated by miR-124-5p according to quantitative polymerase chain reaction and dual luciferase reporter assays. Our findings provide new insight into the molecular regulatory mechanism of hypoxia in Micropterus salmoides muscle.